Note that non-rechargeable primary lithium batteries (like lithium button cells CR2032 3V) must be distinguished from secondary lithium-ion or lithium-polymer, which are rechargeable batteries. One of the most common types of cells is 18650 battery, which is used in many laptop computer batteries, cordless power tools, certain electric cars, electric kick scooters, most e-bikes, portable power banks, and LED flashlights. Li-ion batteries, in general, have a high energy density, no memory effect, and low self-discharge. Handheld electronics mostly use lithium polymer batteries (with a polymer gel as electrolyte), a lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) cathode material, and a graphite anode, which offer high energy density. The separator is porous to enable the transport of lithium ions and prevents the cell from short-circuiting and thermal runaway.Ĭhemistry, performance, cost, and safety characteristics vary across types of lithium-ion batteries.

The electrolyte can be liquid, polymer, or solid. The anode is usually made out of porous lithiated graphite. The cathode is made of a composite material (an intercalated lithium compound) and defines the name of the Li-ion battery cell. A lithium-ion battery, also known as the Li-ion battery, is a type of secondary (rechargeable) battery composed of cells in which lithium ions move from the anode through an electrolyte to the cathode during discharge and back when charging.

Lithium battery anode and cathode